nation had taken poffeffion of this island, when 550 Frenchmen arrived there from Dieppe on the 28th June 1635. Their provisions were so ill chosen, that they were spoiled in the passage, and were all exhaufted in two months. St Christopher's refused to spare them any; and their first attempts in husbandry could not as yet afford any thing. No resource was left but from the savages; but the fuperfluities of a people, who cultivate little, and never laid up stores, could not be great. The new-comers came to a refolution to plunder them; and hoftilities commenced on the 16th Jan. 1636. The Caribs, not thinking themselves in a condition openly to resist an enemy, who had so much the advantage from the fuperiority of their arms, destroyed their own provisions and plantations, and retired to Grande Terre, and the neighbouring ifslands. From thence the most desperate came over to Guadaloupe, and concealing themselves in the forefts, they shot with their poisoned arrows all the Frenchmen who were hunting or fishing. During night, they burned the houses and destroyed the plantations of their unjust spoilers. A dreadful famine was the conféquence. The colonifts were reduced to graze in the fields, and to dig up dead dies for their subsistence. At last the government of Aubert brought about a peace with the savages, at the end of 1640. The remembrance of the hardships they had fuffered proved a powerful incitement to cultivate all articles of immediate neceffity; and afterwards induced an attention to those of luxury confumed in the mother country. Those who had escaped the calamities they had drawn upon themselves, were foon joined by some colonists from St Chrif topher's, and from Europe. But still the profpe. rity of Guadaloupe was impeded by obstacles arifing from its situation. The facility with which the pirates from the neighbouring inands could carry off their cattle, their slave's, and their crops, difstreffed them greatly. Inteftine broils, arifing from jealoufies of authority, often disturbed the quiet of the planters. And the adventurers, who went over to the Windward lands, difdaining a land that was fitter, for agriculture than for naval expeditions, were easily drawn to Martinico by the convenient roads it abounds with. In 1700 the number of inhabitan amounted only to 3825 white people, 325 savages, free negroes, and mulattoes; and 6725 flaves, many of whom were Caribs. There were only 60 fmall plantations of fugar, and 66 of indigo, cocoa, and cotton. The cattle amounted to 1620 horfes and mules, and 3699 head of horned cattle. "This was the fruit of 60 years labour. But at the end of 1755, the colony was peopled with 9643 whites, and 41,140 laves. The faleable commodities were the produce of 334 fugar plantations, 15 plots of indigo, 46,840 stems of cocoa, 11,700 of tobacco, 2,257,725 of coffee, 12,748,447 of cotton. For provifions, it had 29 squares of rice or maize, 1219 of potatoes, 2,028,520 banana trees, and 32,577,950 trenches of cafsava. The cattle confifted of 4946 horfes, 2924 mules, 125 affes, 13,716 head of horned cattle, 11,162 sheep and goats, 2444 hogs. Such was the state of Guadaloupe when it was conquered by the British, in April 1759. The Britith, informed of the ad * vantage the French made of their trade with the colonies, fent large quantities of goods to the conquered island, and thus overstocked the market, and funk the prices of European commodities. The colonifts bought them at low prices, and obtained long credit. To this credit was foon ad ded another, arifing from fpeculation: 18,721 negroes were carried thither, to haften the growth and enhance the value of the plantations. But all hopes of advantage from the new conquest were frustrated, Guadaloupe with its dependencies be ing restored by the treaty of peace in 1763. By the survey in 1767, this island, including those of Deseada, St Bartholomew, Marigalante, and Saints, contained 11,863 white people; 752 free blacks and mulattoes, 72,761 laves; in all 85,376 fouls. The number of cattle was 5060 horses, 4854 mules, 111 afies, 17,378 horned cattle, 14,895 sheep and goats, and 2669 hogs: The number of plantations was 1983. The fugar works employed 414 mills. The annual produce of Guadaloupe and the adjacent ifslands was eftimated many years ago at 46 millions of pounds of fugar, af millions of coffee, 320,000 lb. of cotton, and 8000 of cocoa; besides logwood, ginger, rum, skins, &c. This island was taken by the British in April 1794; retaken by the French under Victor Hugues, in Feb. 1795; and lastly taken by the British in February 1816. Lon. from 43.24 to 44. 15. W. of Ferro. Lat. from 15. 35. to 16. 37. N. (4.) GUADALOUPE, an iland on the coast of California. Lon. 118. 0. W. Lat. 29. 5. Ν. GUADALQUIVER, one of the most famous rivers of Spain, rises in Andalusia, near the con fines of Granada, and running quite through Andalufia, by the towns of Baiza, Andaxar, Cordo va, Seville, falls at faft into the Bay of Cadiz. (1.) GUADARAMA, a river of Spain in Old Caftile. (2.) GUADARAMA, a town of Spain, on the above river, 18 miles NW. of Madrid; famous for cheese. Lon. 3. 48. W. Lat. 41. 45. N. GUADIANA, a large river of Spain, which rises in New Castile, and, pafing across the high mountains, falls down to the lakes called Ojos of Guadiana; from whence it runs to Calatrava, Medelin, Mersda, and Badajox in Eftremadura of Spain; and after having run for fome time in Alentejo in Portugal, it separates Algarve from An'dalusia, and falls into the bay of Cadiz, between Caftro Marino and Agramonte. F GUADIX, a town of Spain, in Granada, with a bishop's fee. It was taken from the Moors in 1253, who afterwards retook it, bot the Spaniards again got poffeffion of it in 1489. Lon. 2.12. W. Lat. 37. 5. N. GUAFFO, or GRAND COMMENDO, a town of Africa, the capital of Kommani, containing 400 houtes, and 2000 people: 4 m, N. of Little Commendo. t (1.) * GUAIACUM, n. J. Guaiacum is attenuant and aperient. It is excellent in many chronick cafes, and was once famous for curing the venereal disease, which it Rill does fingly in warmer climates, but with us we find it infufficient. We have a refin of it, improperly called gum guaiacum. Hill. (H.) GUAIACUM, in botany, LIGNUM VITÆ, or Pockwood; a genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the decandria class of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 14th order, Gruinales. The calyx is quinquefid and unequal; the petals 5, and inserted into the calyx; the capfule is angulated, and trilocular or quinquelocular. 1. GUAIACUM AFRUM, with many blunt point ed leaves, is a native of the Cape of Good Hope. The plants retain their leaves all the year, but have never yet flowered in this country. This fpecies is to be propagated by layers, and will live all the winter in a good green-house. 2. GUAIACUM OFFICINALE, the common lignum vitæ ufed in medicine, is a native of the West India Islands and the warmer parts of America. There it becomes a large tree, having a hard, brit tle, brownish bark, not very thick. The wood is firm, folid, ponderous, very refinous, of a blackish yellow colour in the middle, and of a hot aro. matic tafte. The smaller branches have an afhcoloured bark, and are garnished with leaves divided by pairs of a bright green colour. The flowers are produced in clusters at the end of the branches, and are composed of oval concave petals of a fine blue colour. This species can only be propagated by feeds, which must be procured from the countries where it naturally grows. They must be fown fresh in pots, and plunged into a good hot-bed, where they will come up in 6 or 8 weeks. While young they may be kept in a hotbed of tan-bark under a frame during fummer; but in autumn they must be removed into the bark-stove, where they should constantly remain. The wood of this species is of great use both in medicine and in the mechanical arts. It is so compact and heavy as to fink in water. The outer part is often of a pale yellowish colour; but the heart is blacker, or of a deep brown. Sometimes it is marbled with different colours. It is so hard as to break the tools used in felling it; and is therefore feldom used as fire-wood, but is of great ufe to the sugar planters for making wheels and cogs to the mills. It is also often made into bowls, mortars, and other utenfils. It is brought over to Britain in large pieces of 4 or 500 weight each; and from its hardness and beauty is in great demand for various articles of turnery ware. The wood, gum, bark, fruit, and even the flowers of this tree, poffefs medicinal virtues; but only the 3 first, particularly the wood and resin, are now in general ufe in Europe. The wood has little or no smell, except when heated, or while rasping, and then a flight aromatic one is perceived. When chewed, it impresses a mild acrimony, biting the palate and fauces. Its pungency refides in its refinous matter, which it gives out in some degree to water by boiling, but spirit extracts it wholly. Of the bark there are two kinds; one fmooth, the other unequal on the furface: they are both weaker than the wood; though in recent state, they strongly cathartic. The gum, or refin, is obtained by wounding the bark in different parts of the tree, or by what has been called jagging. It exsudes copiously from the wounds, though gradually; and when a quantity is found accumulated upon the several wounded trees, hardened by expofure to the fun, it is gathered and packed in a are small kegs for exportation. This refin is of a fri able texture, of a deep greenish colour, and fometimes of a reddish hue; it has a pungent acrid taste, but little or no smell, unless heated. The tree also yields a spontaneous exsudation from the bark, which is called the native gum, and is brought to us in small irregular pieces, of a bright semipellucid appearance: it differs from the former in being much purer. In the choice of the wood, that which is the freshest, most ponderous, and darkest coloured, is the best; the largest pieces are to be preferred too; and the best method is to rasp them as wanted, for the finer parts are apt to exhale when the rafpings or chips are kept. In choosing the resin, prefer those pieces which have flips of the bark adhering to them, and that eafily separate therefrom by a quick blow. The refin is sometimes mixed with the gum of the manchineal. tree; but this is easily detected, by diffolving a little in spirit of wine or rum. The true gum imparts a whitish or milky tinge, but the manchineal gives a greenish caft. Mouch advises a few drops of spirit. nitri dulc. to be added to the spiritous folu tion, and then to be diluted with water, by which the gum will be precipitated in a blue powder; but the adulteration will appear floating in white ftriæ, &c. Guaiacum was first introduced into Europe as a remedy for the venereal disease, in 1508. It was attended with great success in flight affections, but failed where the disease was deep rooted; and was at length superseded by mercury, to which it now only serves occafionally as an ad. juvant in the decoctum lignorum, of which guaiacum is the chief ingredient. It is esteemed a warm stimulating medicine; strengthening the stomach and other vifcera, and remarkably promoting the urinary and cuticular discharges; hence, in cutaneous defedations, and other diforders proceeding from obstructions of the excretory glands, and where sluggish serous humours abound, it is useful; rheumatic and other pains have often been relieved by it. It is also laxative. The refin is the most active principle in the drugs compounded with it. The refin is extracted from the wood in part by water, but much more perfectly by spirits. The watery extract, kept in the shops, proves confiderably weaker than that made with fpirit. This last extract is of the same quality with the native refin, and differs from that brought to us only in being purer. The gum or extracts are given from a few grains to a scruple or half a dram, which last dose proves for the most part confiderably purgative. The officinal preparations of guaiacum are an extract of the wood, a folution of the gum in rectified spirit of wine, a folution in volatile spirit, and an empyreumatic oil distilled from the wood. The refin diffolved in rum, or combined with water, by mucilage or the yolk of an egg, or in form of the volatile tincture or elixir, is employed in gout and chronic rheumatism. The in The tincture or elixir has been given to the extent of half an ounce twice a-day, and is sometimes usefully combined with laudanum. 3. GUAIACUM SANCTUM, with many pairs of obtuse lobes, hath many small lobes placed along the mid rib by pairs of a darker green colour than those of the foregoing fort. The flowers are produced in loose bunches towards the end of the branches, گو GUA (686)) GUA branches, and are of a fine blue colour, with peenemy, and driving them out of one of their own tals fringed on the edges. This species is also a *GUAIAVA. See GUAVA. GUAIRA, a prov. of S. America, in Paraguay. GUALDO, a town of Italy, in Ancona, 8 miles (2.) GUALIOR, OF GUALEOR, a large town of the above province, with a celebrated fortress of great strength. By the nearest route, it is upwards of 800 miles from Calcutta, and gro by the ordi. nary one, and about 280 from the British frontiers. In the ancient division of the empire it is claffed in the Soubah of Agra, and is often mentioned in history. In the year 1008, and during the two following centuries, it was thrice reduced by famine. It must in all ages have been deemed a military post of consequence, both from its fituation in respect to the capital, and from the peculiarity of its fite. It stands on the principal road from Agra to Malwa, Guzerat, and the Decan; near the place where it enters the hilly tract which advances from Bundelcund, Malwa, and Agimere, along the banks of the Jumnah. From all these circumstances, together with its natural and acquired advantages as a fortress, the poffeffion of it was deemed of the utmost importance by the emperors of Indostan. Its palace was used as a ftate prison as early as 1317, and continued to be such until the downfal of the empire. On the dismemberment of the empire, Gualeor appears to have fallen to the lot of a rajah of the Jat tribe; who assumed the government of the district in which it is fituated, under the title of Rana of Gohud. Since that period it has changed masters more than once; the Mahrattas, whose dominions extend to the neighbourhood of it, having fometimes poffefsed it, and at other times the Rana: but the means of transfer were always either famine or treachery, nothing like a fiege having ever been attempted. Gualeor was in the poffeffion of Madajee Scindia, a Mahratta chief, in 1779, when the council general of Bengal concluded an alliance with the Rana; in consequence of which, 4 battalions of sepoys, of 500 men each, and fome pieces of artillery, were fent to his assistance, his district being overrun by the Mahrattas, and himself almost shut up in his fort of Gohud. The grand object of his alliance was to penetrate into Scindia's country, and to draw Scindia himself from the western fide of India, where he was attending the motions of gen. Godard, then employed in the reduction of Guzerat; it being Mr Hastings's idea, that when Scindia found his own dominions in danger, he would detach himself from the confederacy of which he was the principal member, and thus leave matters open for an accommodation with the court of Poonah. Major William Popham was appointed to the command of the little army sent to the Rana's afsistance; and being very successful in clearing his country of the had climbed most valuable districts, was advised by Mr Haftings to attempt the reduction of the fort. Captain Jonathan Scott, then Persian interpreter to major Popham, in a letter to his brother, Major John of its capture: "The fortress of Scott, thus describes the fort and the occafion but narrow, and of unequal breadth, and nearly Gualeor stands on a vast rock of about four miles in length, pear almost perpendicular in every part; for where flat at the top. The fides are so steep as to apand the height from the plain below is from aco it was not naturally so, it has been scraped away; of the precipice all round; and the only entrance to 300 feet. The rampart conforms to the edge to it is by steps running up the side of the rock, defended on the fide next the country by a wall and bastions, and farther guarded by 7 stone gateways, at certain distances from each other. The area within is full of noble buildings, reservoirs of water, wells, and cultivated land; so that it is really a little district in itself. At the NW. foot of the mountain is the town, pretty large, and well built; the houses all of stone. To have be. sieged this place would be vain, for nothing but a surprise or blockade could have carried it. A tribe of banditti from the district of the Rana had been accustomed to rob about this town, and once in the dead of night got into the fort. This intelligence they had.communicated to the Rana, who often thought of aup the rock and vailing himself of it, but was fearful of undertaking an enterprise of fuch moment with his own troops. At length he informed Major Popham of it, who own spies to the spot." They accordingly climbfent a party of the robbers to conduct some of his ed up in the night of the 3d of August, found the guards asleep, and thus, meeting with little refift. ance, in the space of two hours, this important and astonishing fortress was completely reduced, with the loss of only man killed, and 20 wounded. On the fide of the enemy, Bapogee, the goficers wounded. Thus fell the strongest fortress vernor, was killed, and most of the principal of men, on the 4th Aug. 1780; and which, before in Indoftan, garrisoned by a chofen body of 1200 the capture of it by the British, was pronounced by the princes of Indostan, to be impregnable. In 1783, Madajee Scindia besieged this fortress, then poffefsed by the Rana of Gohud, with an army of 70,000 men, and effected the reduction by the treachery of one of the Rana's officers, who formed the plan of admiflion of a party of Scindia's troops: These were immediately supported by another party, who attacked an opposite quarter, and got admiffion also. It was retaken by the British in 1805, and afterwards ceded to India. Lon. 78. 26. E. Lat. 26. 14. Ν. DRONE iflands. It is about 120 miles in circumGUAM, or GUAHAN, the largest of the LA ference, and is the only one among the innumer able islands in the South sea, which has a town built in the European style, with a regular fort, a church, and civilized inhabitants. The air is excellent, the water good, and the garden stuffs and fruits are exquifite; the flocks of Buffaloes, able. There is no port in which scorbutic failors goats, hogs, and all kinds of poultry are innumer can can be more speedily restored, or find better or excellent fish: Turtle grow here as large as in the to more plentiful refreshments, than in this, though it did not originally enjoy this abundance. When first discovered by Magellan in 1521, with the other eight principal islands that lie N. of it, they were all crowded with inhabitants, but afforded no refreshment to navigators, except fish, bananas, cocoa-nuts, and bread-fruit; and even these could not be procured but by force, amidst the showers of arrows and lances of the natives. The Spaniards carried thither from America the first stock of cattle, fowls, plants, feeds, fruits, and garden stuffs, which are all now found in such abundance, The Ladrone islands were covered with inhabitants when they were discovered. See LADRONE. Guam alone contained upon its coafts more than 20,000 people. These men were ferocious savages and bold thieves; but so incapable of fupporting the yoke of civilization, that the Spaniards have feen them almost annihilated within two centuries. These fierce islanders, after having long defended, by cruel wars, the right of living like wild beasts, being at last obliged to yield to the Spanish arms, took the resolution of adminiftering potions their women, to procure abortions, and to render them sterile, that they might not bring into the world beings that were not free, according to the ideas that they had of liberty. This desperate res solution was perfifted in with so much obstinacy in the 9 Ladrone islands, that their population, which at the time of the discovery confisted of more than 60,000 fouls, does not now exceed 900 in the whole archipelago. About 30 or 40 years ago, the remains of the original natives were collected and established in the island of Guam. The principal town and settlement, which the Spaniards call Agana, is situated about 12 miles NE. of the landing-place, on the shore, at the foot of fome hills, in a beautiful well-watered country. There are 21 smaller settlements of Indians round the island, on the shore, composed of 5 or 6 families each, who cultivate fruits and grain, and employ themselves in fishing. The centre of the iland is still uncleared. The trees are fit for building houses and boats. The forests are very thick. The Spaniards at first cleared certain portions of land to turn them into savannahs for feeding cattle. They fow these spots with grass feeds, and other indigenous plants fit for pasturage. These meadows being shaded on all fides, preserve their freshness, and afford the flocks and herds a shelter from the great heat of noon. The cattle have multiplied astonishingly, and having become wild, must be shot when wanted, or taken by stratagem. The woods are also full of goats, hogs, and fowls. The flesh of all these animals is excellent. In the savannahs and forests, there is a vast multitude of pigeons, parroquets, thrushes, blackbirds, &c. Among the indigenous trees, the most remarkable are, the cocoa-nut and bread-fruit trees. The woods alfo abound with guavas, bananas, plantanes, citrons, lemons, oranges, the small dwarf thorny china orange with red fruit and caper bush. As many of these trees are constantly in flower, they perfume the air with the most agreeable fmells, and delight the eye with the richest colours. The rivers of Guam, which are either rivulets or torrents, abound in island of Afcenfion, but are not eaten either by the Indians or Spaniards. The crops cultivated are rice, maize, indigo, cotton, cocoa, and fugarcanes. The maize is of aftonishing fertility; it is common to find plants 12 feet high, high, bearing 8 or to spikes from 9 to 10 inches long, well filled with feeds. The gardens are stored with mangoes and pine-apples. The former is one of the finest fruits imaginable; it was brought from Manilla, and may be safely eaten in great quantities. Horses have been brought to Guam from Manilla, and affes and mules from Acapulco. The land rifes gradually from the shore towards the centre by a gentle acclivity, but is not very mountainous. The inhabitants say, that the foil is equally rich and fertile over the whole island, except in the northern part, which forms a peninsula almoft destitute of water. But the rest abounds with rivulets. In the interior part of the country, E. and S. of Agana, many springs of fine water are found, forming basons of pure water, which, being shaded by thick trees, preserve a most agreeable coolness in spite of the heat of the climate. The indigenous inhabitants are fuch as they were described by Magellan; of short stature, rather ugly, black, and in general dirty, though much in the water. The women are handsome, well made, and of a reddish colour. Both sexes have long hair. They have become gentle, honest, and hospitable. The men drink freely of the wine of the cocoa-nut. They are fond of mufic, dancing, and cock-fighting. Lon. 7. 50. W. Lat. 13. 0. S. : GUAMANCA, or a province of Peru, which (1.) GUAMANGA, begins 240 miles NE. of Lima, and extends along the centre of the Cordilleras. The air is temperate; the foil fertile; and the mines abound with gold, filver, copper, lead, iron, quicksilver, loadstone, and fulphur. (2.) GUAMANGA, the capital of the above province, with a bishop's see. It is remarkable for its manufactures. The houses are all built of stone and covered with flates. Lon.7.50. W. Lat. 13. 0. S. GUANAHAMI, or Cat Island, one of the BAHAMAS, memorable for having been the first part of the New World discovered by COLUMBUS, -in 1492. GUANANDO, a town of Peru, which was destroyed by an earthquake, in Feb. 1797 GUANA PATINA, a volcano of Peru, in the valley of Quilea, near Arequipa. An eruption from it, it róoo, attended with an earthquake, laid Arequipa in ruins. GUANCHACO, a fea-port of Peru, 6 miles N. of Truxillo. Lat. 8. 6. S. GUANCHES. See CANARY, § ..... GUANUCO, a rich and handsome town of S. America, capital of a district of the fame name, in the audience of Lima. Lon. 72.55. W. Lat. 9. 55. S. GUANZAVELICA, a town of S. America in Peru, and in the audience of Lima. It abounds in mines of quickfilver. Lon. 71.59. W. Lat. 12.40.S. (1.) * GUARANTEE. n. f. [gurrant, French.] A power who undertakes to see stipulations per-. formed.-God, the great guarantee for the peace of mankind, where laws cannot secure it, may. think it the concern of his providence. South.-A HONOURS. 1 prince distinguished by being a patron of Protef of peace, and much ener in time of war. ee tants, and guarantee of the Westphalian treaty. Addis. on the War. An oath is a promise made to God, and God is our fuperior, fuperior to kings. And he is also the guarantee and avenger of all breach of faith and injustice. Lesley. (2.) GUARANTEE, OF WARRANTEE, in law, a term fignifying him whom the warranter undertakes to indemnify or secure from damage. See WARRANTY. (3.) GUARANTEE, or in matters of polity, the GUARANTY, Sengagement of neutral ftates, whereby they plight their faith that certain treaties shall be inviolably observed, or that they will make war against the aggreffor. * To GUARANTY. v. a. [garantir, French.] To undertake to secure the performance of any articles. (1.) * GUARD. n. f. [garde, French; ward, Teutonic.] 1. A man, or body of men, whose business is to watch by way of defence or prevention. The guard bare them, and brought them back into the guard-chamber. 1 Kings xiv. 28.Up into heav'n, from paradise in hafte The angelic guards afcended, mute, and fad, For man. Milt. Par. Loft. They miss'd courts, guards, a gay and num' Our judges like our laws were rude and plain. With lifted hands, and gazing eyes, 1 -He must be trusted to his own conduct, since there cannot always be a guard upon him, except what you put into his own mind by good principles. Locke. They, ufurping arbitrary power, had their guards and spies, after the practice of tyrants. Swift. 2. A state of caution: a state of vigilance. The great alteration which he made in the state ecclefiaftical, caused him to stand upon his guard at home. Davies. Temerity puts a man off his guard. L'Estr.-It is wisdom to keep our selves upon a guard. L'Estr. Now he stood collected and prepar'd; For malice and revenge had put him on his guard. Dryden. -Others are cooped in close by the strict guards of those whose interest it is to keep them ignorant. Locke. Men are always upon their guard against an appearance of design. Smalridge. 3. Limitation; anticipation of objection; caution of expreffion. They have expressed themselves with as few guards and restrictions as I. Atterb. 4. An ornamental hem, lace, or border. Obsolete. 5. Part of the hilt of a.fword. (2.) GUARD, in a general sense, signifies the defence or prefervation of any thing; the act of ob.. serving what paffes, to prevent surprise; or the care used to prevent any thing from happening contrary to our intentions or inclinations. (5.) GUARD, ADVANCED, OF VAN-GUARD. See ADVANCE-GUARD. (6.) GUARD, ARTILLERY. See ARTILLERY, N° 2. (7.) GUARD, ARTILLERY QUARTER, is frequently a non-commiffioned officer's guard from the royal regiment of artillery, whose torps de garde is always in the front of their incampment. (8.) GUARD, ARTILLERY REAR, confilts in a corporal and 6 men, posted in the rear of the park. (9.) GUARD, BAGGAGE, is always an officer's guard, who has the care of the baggage on a mareh. The waggons should be numbered by companies, and follow one another regularly: vigilance and attention in the passage of hollow ways, woods, and thickets, must be strictly obferved by this guard. (10.) GUARD, CORPS DE. See CORPS, § 5. (11.) GUARD, FORAGE, a detachment fent out to fecure the foragers, and who are posted at all places, where either the enemy's party may come to difturb the foragers, or where they may spread too near the enemy, so as to be in danger of be. ing taken. It confifts both of horfe and foot, whơ must remain on their posts till the foragers are all come off the ground. (12.) GUARD, GRAND, three or four squadrons of horse, commanded by a field officer, posted at about a mile or a mile and a half from the camp, on the right and left wings, towards the enemy, for the better security of the camp. (13.) GUARD, MAIN, is that from which all other guards are detached. Those who are mount. ing guard assemble at their respective captain's quarters, and march from thence to the parade in good order; where, after the whole guard is drawn up, the small guards are detached to their respective posts: then the fubalterns throw lots for their guards, who are all under the command of the captain of the main guard. This guard mounts in garrifon at different hours, as the governor pleases. (14.) GUARD, PIQUET, a number of horse and foot, always in readiness in case of an alarm: the horses are generally faddled, and the riders booted. The foot draw up at the head of the batalion, frequently at the beating of the tat-too; but afterwards return to their tents, where they hold themselves in readiness to march. This guard is to resist in case of an attack, until the army get ready. (15.) GUARD, PROVOST, is always an officer's guard that attends the provost in his rounds, either to prevent desertion, or marauding, rioting, &c. See PROVOST. (16.) GUARD, QUARTER, is a small guard commanded by a subaltern officer, posted in the front of each battalion, 222 feet before the front of the regiment. (3.) GUARD, in fencing, a posture proper to de- (17.) GUARD, REAR, that part of the army fend the body from the sword of the antagonist. (4.) GUARD, in the military art, is a duty per formed by a body of men, to secure an army or place from being surprised by an enemy. In garrifon the guards are relieved every day: hence every foldier mounts guard once every day in time which brings up the rear on a march, generally composed of all the old grand guards of the camp. The rear-guard of a party is often 8 or to horfe, about 500 paces behind. Hence the advanceguard going out upon a party, form the rearguard in their retreat. Rear-guard is also a cor poral's |