The Materials of Construction: A Treatise for Engineers on the Strength of Engineering Materials

angle Annealed apparent elastic limit average axis beam bending Bessemer process brick briquettes carbon cast iron cent centre chemical compression compressive stress concrete cooling copper cross-bending cross-section crystals cubic curve deflection deformation diagram diameter ductility elastic limit elongation Engineering Engrs fibres fracture given hard hardened heat hence increase iron and steel length lime limestone load long-leaf machine magnetic manganese material maximum mechanical melted metal method mixture modulus of elasticity moisture mortar moulds open-hearth open-hearth process oxide percentage phosphorus piece pine pith-rays plane plates Portland cement pounds per square proportion ratio resistance rolled rupture sand sapwood shearing shearing stress shown in Fig side silicon soft species square inch standard stone stress stress-diagram structure sulphur summer wood surface temperature tensile strength tensile stress tension tests test specimen test-pieces thickness timber tion tree ultimate strength weight weld wire wrought iron